๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ja-learning

Talking about transport

1. Vocabulary List

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ไน—ใ‚Šๆ›ใˆใ‚‹๏ผˆใฎใ‚Šใ‹ใˆใ‚‹๏ผ‰norikaeruto change; to transfer (transport)
้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹๏ผˆใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹๏ผ‰oriruto get off
ไน—ใ‚‹๏ผˆใฎใ‚‹๏ผ‰noruto ride; to get on
้–“ใซๅˆใ†๏ผˆใพใซใ‚ใ†๏ผ‰maniauto be in time (for)
ๆ€ฅใ๏ผˆใ„ใใ๏ผ‰isoguto hurry
ๅœฐไธ‹ใฆใค๏ผˆใกใ‹ใฆใค๏ผ‰chikatetsumetro / subway
ๆ–ฐใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“๏ผˆใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“๏ผ‰shinkansenshinkansen / bullet train
ใƒใ‚นbasubus
ๅ…ฌๅœ’๏ผˆใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“๏ผ‰kouenpark
ใ‚†ใ†ไพฟใใ‚‡ใ๏ผˆใ‚†ใ†ใณใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ๏ผ‰yuubinkyokupost office
ไธŠ้‡Ž้ง…๏ผˆใ†ใˆใฎใˆใ๏ผ‰Ueno-ekiUeno Station
ๆ–ฐใฐใ—้ง…๏ผˆใ—ใ‚“ใฐใ—ใˆใ๏ผ‰Shinbashi-ekiShinbashi Station
ๆ–ฐๅฎฟ้ง…๏ผˆใ—ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใใˆใ๏ผ‰Shinjuku-ekiShinjuku Station
ๅ…ญๆ™‚๏ผˆใ‚ใใ˜๏ผ‰rokuji6 o'clock
ๅไบŒๆ™‚๏ผˆใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใซใ˜๏ผ‰juuniji12 o'clock
ๅคœใฎไนๆ™‚๏ผˆใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใฎใใ˜๏ผ‰yoru no kuji9 at night
ๆฅ้€ฑ๏ผˆใ‚‰ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†๏ผ‰raishuunext week
ๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅ๏ผˆใ‚‚ใใ‚ˆใ†ใณ๏ผ‰mokuyoubiThursday
ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซhoteruhotel
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใณjunbipreparation
ๆ—…่กŒ๏ผˆใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ†๏ผ‰ryokoutrip / travel
ใพใงใซmade niby (a time expression)

2. Grammar & Sentences

Transport Verb Trio

VerbReadingMeaning
ไน—ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‹to get on / ride
้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹to get off
ไน—ใ‚Šๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚Šใ‹ใˆใ‚‹to change / transfer

Particle rule:

  • Use ใซ with ไน—๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(I get on a bus.)
  • Use ใ‚’ with ้™๏ผˆใŠ๏ผ‰ใ‚Šใ‚‹ โ†’ ใƒใ‚นใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(I get off the bus.)

Examples:

  • ไธŠ้‡Ž้ง…ใง้›ป่ปŠใ‚’ไน—ใ‚Šๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚(Ueno-eki de densha wo norikaemasu.) โ€” "I change trains at Ueno Station."
  • ๆ–ฐใฐใ—้ง…ใง้›ป่ปŠใ‚’ใฎใ‚Šใ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚(Shinbashi-eki de densha wo norikaemasu.) โ€” "I change trains at Shinbashi Station."
  • ๆ–ฐๅฎฟ้ง…ใง้›ป่ปŠใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(Shinjuku-eki de densha wo orimasu.) โ€” "I get off the train at Shinjuku Station."
  • ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฎๅ‰ใงใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ€ใ‚†ใ†ไพฟใใ‚‡ใใงใƒใ‚นใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(Kouen no mae de basu ni notte, yuubinkyoku de basu wo orimasu.) โ€” "I get on a bus in front of the park, and I get off the bus at the post office."

้–“๏ผˆใพ๏ผ‰ใซๅˆใ† โ€” "To be in time for"

  • ใƒใ‚นใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚(Basu ni maniau masu ka?) โ€” "Will I be in time for the bus?"
  • ๅ…ญๆ™‚ใฎๆ–ฐใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“ใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚(Rokuji no shinkansen ni maniau masu ka?) โ€” "Will I be in time for the 6 o'clock shinkansen?"
  • ๆ–ฐใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“ใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ„ใใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚(Shinkansen ni maniamasen. Isoide kudasai.) โ€” "We won't be in time for the shinkansen. Please hurry."
  • ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆ€ฅใŽใพใ™ใ€‚(Jikan ga nai no de, isogimasu.) โ€” "Because I don't have time, I'll hurry."

The ใฐ Form โ€” Conjugation of ใ„ใใ

FormJapaneseRomajiNotes
ใฆ formใ„ใใ„ใงisoideused with ใใ ใ•ใ„ for requests
ใฐ formใ„ใใ’ใฐisogebaconditional "if you hurry"
Negativeใ„ใใŒใชใ„isoganaiplain negative

Formation rule for ใ†-verbs ending in ใ: change ใ โ†’ ใ’ใฐ
ใ„ใใ โ†’ ใ„ใใ’ใฐ


ใ€œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ โ€” Expressing Regrets

Meaning: "I wish I hadโ€ฆ" / "It would have been good ifโ€ฆ"
Structure: ใฐ form + ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™

This pattern expresses regret about something you should have done but didn't.

  • ๆ€ฅ๏ผˆใ„ใ๏ผ‰ใ’ใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚(Isogeba, yokatta desu.) โ€” "I wish I had hurried." / "He wished that he had hurried."

ใพใงใซ โ€” "By" (Deadline/Time Limit)

Meaning: by [time] โ€” indicates a deadline
Structure: time expression + ใพใงใซ

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ๅไบŒๆ™‚ใพใงใซใ€ๅœฐไธ‹ใฆใคใซใฎใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚Juuniji made ni, chikatetsu ni noritai desu.I want to get on the metro by 12.
ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงใซใ€ๆ—…่กŒใฎใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใณใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚Raishuu no mokuyoubi made ni, ryokou no junbi wo shimasu.I'll prepare for the trip by Thursday next week.
ๅคœใฎไนๆ™‚ใพใงใซใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซ็€ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚Yoru no kuji made ni, hoteru ni tsukitai desu.I want to arrive at the hotel by 9 at night.

Note: ใพใงใซ (by a point in time) vs ใพใง (until/up to a point in time) โ€” ใพใง focuses on duration, ใพใงใซ sets a deadline.


3. Learning Context

  • Grammar Focus: The ใฐ conditional form introduced via transport scenarios โ€” ๆ€ฅใ’ใฐ (if you hurry) leading into the regret pattern ใ€œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™.
  • Key Pattern: ใ€œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ = "I wish I hadโ€ฆ" (past regret).
  • Particle Rule: ไน—ใ‚‹ takes ใซ, ้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ takes ใ‚’ โ€” opposite of English intuition.
  • New Particle: ใพใงใซ = "by" for deadlines, distinct from ใพใง = "until."
  • Context: Train stations in Tokyo (Ueno, Shinbashi, Shinjuku), shinkansen timetables, missing transport connections.
  • Cultural Note: Japanese trains are famously punctual โ€” missing a scheduled shinkansen by even seconds is a real concern, making ้–“ใซๅˆใ† and ๆ€ฅใ essential vocabulary for daily life.

4. Progress Tracker

FieldDetail
Current LevelIntermediate B1
Chapter / TopicChapter 6 โ€” Conditionals
CompletionSection 5 of 10
Latest Performance100% (Score), +20 Stars