Talking about transport
1. Vocabulary List
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ไนใๆใใ๏ผใฎใใใใ๏ผ | norikaeru | to change; to transfer (transport) |
| ้ใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | oriru | to get off |
| ไนใ๏ผใฎใ๏ผ | noru | to ride; to get on |
| ้ใซๅใ๏ผใพใซใใ๏ผ | maniau | to be in time (for) |
| ๆฅใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | isogu | to hurry |
| ๅฐไธใฆใค๏ผใกใใฆใค๏ผ | chikatetsu | metro / subway |
| ๆฐใใใใ๏ผใใใใใใ๏ผ | shinkansen | shinkansen / bullet train |
| ใใน | basu | bus |
| ๅ ฌๅ๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | kouen | park |
| ใใไพฟใใใ๏ผใใใณใใใใ๏ผ | yuubinkyoku | post office |
| ไธ้้ง ๏ผใใใฎใใ๏ผ | Ueno-eki | Ueno Station |
| ๆฐใฐใ้ง ๏ผใใใฐใใใ๏ผ | Shinbashi-eki | Shinbashi Station |
| ๆฐๅฎฟ้ง ๏ผใใใใ ใใใ๏ผ | Shinjuku-eki | Shinjuku Station |
| ๅ ญๆ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | rokuji | 6 o'clock |
| ๅไบๆ๏ผใใ ใใซใ๏ผ | juuniji | 12 o'clock |
| ๅคใฎไนๆ๏ผใใใฎใใ๏ผ | yoru no kuji | 9 at night |
| ๆฅ้ฑ๏ผใใใใ ใ๏ผ | raishuu | next week |
| ๆจๆๆฅ๏ผใใใใใณ๏ผ | mokuyoubi | Thursday |
| ใใใซ | hoteru | hotel |
| ใใ ใใณ | junbi | preparation |
| ๆ ่ก๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | ryokou | trip / travel |
| ใพใงใซ | made ni | by (a time expression) |
2. Grammar & Sentences
Transport Verb Trio
| Verb | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไนใ | ใฎใ | to get on / ride |
| ้ใใ | ใใใ | to get off |
| ไนใๆใใ | ใฎใใใใ | to change / transfer |
Particle rule:
- Use ใซ with ไน๏ผใฎ๏ผใ โ ใในใซไนใใพใใ(I get on a bus.)
- Use ใ with ้๏ผใ๏ผใใ โ ใในใ้ใใพใใ(I get off the bus.)
Examples:
- ไธ้้ง ใง้ป่ปใไนใๆใใพใใ(Ueno-eki de densha wo norikaemasu.) โ "I change trains at Ueno Station."
- ๆฐใฐใ้ง ใง้ป่ปใใฎใใใใพใใ(Shinbashi-eki de densha wo norikaemasu.) โ "I change trains at Shinbashi Station."
- ๆฐๅฎฟ้ง ใง้ป่ปใ้ใใพใใ(Shinjuku-eki de densha wo orimasu.) โ "I get off the train at Shinjuku Station."
- ๅ ฌๅใฎๅใงใในใซไนใฃใฆใใใไพฟใใใใงใในใ้ใใพใใ(Kouen no mae de basu ni notte, yuubinkyoku de basu wo orimasu.) โ "I get on a bus in front of the park, and I get off the bus at the post office."
้๏ผใพ๏ผใซๅใ โ "To be in time for"
- ใในใซ้ใซๅใใพใใใ(Basu ni maniau masu ka?) โ "Will I be in time for the bus?"
- ๅ ญๆใฎๆฐใใใใใซ้ใซๅใใพใใใ(Rokuji no shinkansen ni maniau masu ka?) โ "Will I be in time for the 6 o'clock shinkansen?"
- ๆฐใใใใใซ้ใซๅใใพใใใใใใใงใใ ใใใ(Shinkansen ni maniamasen. Isoide kudasai.) โ "We won't be in time for the shinkansen. Please hurry."
- ๆ้ใใชใใฎใงใๆฅใใพใใ(Jikan ga nai no de, isogimasu.) โ "Because I don't have time, I'll hurry."
The ใฐ Form โ Conjugation of ใใใ
| Form | Japanese | Romaji | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใฆ form | ใใใใง | isoide | used with ใใ ใใ for requests |
| ใฐ form | ใใใใฐ | isogeba | conditional "if you hurry" |
| Negative | ใใใใชใ | isoganai | plain negative |
Formation rule for ใ-verbs ending in ใ: change ใ โ ใใฐ
ใใใ โ ใใใใฐ
ใใฐใใใใฃใใงใ โ Expressing Regrets
Meaning: "I wish I hadโฆ" / "It would have been good ifโฆ"
Structure: ใฐ form + ใใใฃใใงใ
This pattern expresses regret about something you should have done but didn't.
- ๆฅ๏ผใใ๏ผใใฐใใใใฃใใงใใ(Isogeba, yokatta desu.) โ "I wish I had hurried." / "He wished that he had hurried."
ใพใงใซ โ "By" (Deadline/Time Limit)
Meaning: by [time] โ indicates a deadline
Structure: time expression + ใพใงใซ
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ๅไบๆใพใงใซใๅฐไธใฆใคใซใฎใใใใงใใ | Juuniji made ni, chikatetsu ni noritai desu. | I want to get on the metro by 12. |
| ๆฅ้ฑใฎๆจๆๆฅใพใงใซใๆ ่กใฎใใ ใใณใใใพใใ | Raishuu no mokuyoubi made ni, ryokou no junbi wo shimasu. | I'll prepare for the trip by Thursday next week. |
| ๅคใฎไนๆใพใงใซใใใใซใซ็ใใใใงใใ | Yoru no kuji made ni, hoteru ni tsukitai desu. | I want to arrive at the hotel by 9 at night. |
Note: ใพใงใซ (by a point in time) vs ใพใง (until/up to a point in time) โ ใพใง focuses on duration, ใพใงใซ sets a deadline.
3. Learning Context
- Grammar Focus: The ใฐ conditional form introduced via transport scenarios โ ๆฅใใฐ (if you hurry) leading into the regret pattern ใใฐใใใใฃใใงใ.
- Key Pattern: ใใฐใใใใฃใใงใ = "I wish I hadโฆ" (past regret).
- Particle Rule: ไนใ takes ใซ, ้ใใ takes ใ โ opposite of English intuition.
- New Particle: ใพใงใซ = "by" for deadlines, distinct from ใพใง = "until."
- Context: Train stations in Tokyo (Ueno, Shinbashi, Shinjuku), shinkansen timetables, missing transport connections.
- Cultural Note: Japanese trains are famously punctual โ missing a scheduled shinkansen by even seconds is a real concern, making ้ใซๅใ and ๆฅใ essential vocabulary for daily life.
4. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 6 โ Conditionals |
| Completion | Section 5 of 10 |
| Latest Performance | 100% (Score), +20 Stars |