Describing preparations done in advance
1. Grammar โ ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ (Resulting State)
This lesson introduces ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ, which is used to describe the resulting state after something has been done on purpose.
Contrast with ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ
| Structure | Focus | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ | The action done in advance | ็งใฏ้ฃ่กๆฉใฎใใใใใใฆใใใพใใใ(I booked a flight in advance.) |
| ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ | The resulting state that remains | ้ฃ่กๆฉใฎใใใใใใฆใใใพใใ(A flight has been booked.) |
Key differences in particle usage
When switching from ใใ to ใใ, the particle changes:
| ใใ sentence | ใใ sentence |
|---|---|
| ใในใใผใใ ใใฐใใซ ๅ ฅใใฆใใใพใใใ | ใในใใผใใ ใใฐใใซ ๅ ฅใใฆใใใพใใ |
| ใฒใใใใฎใใใใใใฆใใใพใใ | ใฒใใใใฎใใใใใใฆใใใพใใ |
The object marker ใ โ ใ when using ใฆใใ.
2. Key Sentences
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ๅพใง้ฃฒใใใใๆฐดใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใ | Ato de nomu kara, mizu wo katte okimasu. | Because I'll want to drink later, I'll buy some water (in advance). |
| ้ฃ่กๆฉใฎใใใใใใฆใใใพใใ | Hikooki no yoyaku ga shite arimasu. | A flight has been booked. |
| ใใขใ้ใใฆใใใพใใ | Doa ga akete arimasu. | The door is open (because someone opened it on purpose). |
| ใพใฉใ้ใใฆใใใพใใ | Mado ga shimete arimasu. | The window is closed (because someone closed it on purpose). |
| ใจใใใใชใใใฆใใใพใใ | Tokei ga naoshite arimasu. | The watch has been fixed. |
| ใในใใผใใใใฐใใซๅ ฅใใฆใใใพใใ | Pasupooto ga kaban ni irete arimasu. | My passport has been put and kept in my bag. |
| ใใงใใฏใคใณใฏใชใณใฉใคใณใงใใฆใใใพใใ | Chekkuin wa onrain de shite arimasu. | Check-in has been completed online. |
| ไฝๆใฏใใใซๆธใใฆใใใพใใ | Juusho wa koko ni kaite arimasu. | The address has been written here. |
| ๅฝใซๅธฐใใฒใใใใฎใใฑใใใฏ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใ | Kuni ni kaeru hikooki no chiketto wa katte arimasu. | The plane ticket to go back to my home country has been bought. |
| ใฏใใ้ป่ปใฎๆ้ใ่ฆใฆใใใพใใใ | Hai, densha no jikan wo mite okimashita. | Yes, I've had a look at the train times in advance. |
| ๅ ฅๅฝใซไฝฟใใขใใชใใคใณในใใผใซใใฆใใใพใใ | Nyuukoku ni tsukau apuri ga insutooru shite arimasu. | An app I'll use to enter the country has been installed. |
3. Listening โ Airport Check-in Dialogue
Scene: A ground crew member (ใฐใฉใณใในใฟใใ) at the check-in desk is showing a boarding pass.
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ใใฎ้ฃ่กๆฉใฎใฒใผใใฏๅๆใซ้ใใพใใ | The gate for this flight opens at ten o'clock. |
| ใฒใผใใฎ็ชๅทใฏใใใซๆธใใฆใใใพใใ | The gate number has been written here. |
| ใฒใผใใฎ่กใๆนใฏใใใซๆธใใฆใใใพใใๅพใง่ฆใฆใใ ใใใ | How to get to the gate has been written here. Please look at it later. |
| ใใใใฎ็ชๅทใฏใใใซๆธใใฆใใใพใใ | The seat number has been written here. |
| ใใใฏๅ ฅๅฝใซใผใใงใใ้ฃ่กๆฉใ้ใใๅใซๆธใใฆใใใฆใใ ใใใใใฃใฆใใฃใใใ๏ผ | This is an arrival card. Please fill it in before getting off the plane. Have a safe trip! |
Vocabulary from the dialogue:
| Japanese | Reading | English |
|---|---|---|
| ใฐใฉใณใในใฟใใ | gurandosutaffu | Ground crew / Check-in staff |
| ใฒใผใ | geeto | Gate |
| ๅบงๅธญ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | zaseki | Seat |
| ๅ ฅๅฝใซใผใ | nyuukoku kaado | Arrival card / Landing card |
| ใใฃใฆใใฃใใใ | itterasshai | Have a safe trip! (said to someone leaving) |
4. True / False โ Quiz Answers
| Statement | Answer | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| ใใขใ้ใใฆใใใพใใThe door is open (because someone opened it on purpose). | True | ใฆใใ = resulting state from intentional action |
| Both the address and the phone number of the hotel have been written down. | False | ไฝๆใฏใใใซๆธใใฆใใใพใใใงใใ้ป่ฉฑ็ชๅทใฏๅใใใพใใใ โ Only the address was written; she didn't know the phone number. |
5. Cultural Note โ ๅ ฅๅฝใซใผใ (Arrival Card)
Everyone must submit a ๅ ฅๅฝใซใผใ (arrival/landing card) at passport control when arriving in Japan.
- The card is available in multiple languages, but the kanji on it include:
- ๅ๏ผใช๏ผโ name
- ไฝๆ๏ผใใ ใใใ๏ผโ address
- ๅฝ๏ผใใซ๏ผโ country
- ็ๅนดๆๆฅ๏ผใใใญใใใฃใด๏ผโ date of birth
- When asked to show your card, you can say: ๆธใใฆใใใพใ๏ผ โ "It has been filled in!"
- At some airports you can submit via app: ใคใณในใใผใซใใฆใใใพใ๏ผ โ "It has been installed!"
6. Learning Context
- Lesson: Describing preparations done in advance
- Chapter: Chapter 5 โ Preparation
- Key grammar: ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ (resulting state after intentional action)
- Particle rule: ใ changes to ใ when switching from ใฆใใ to ใฆใใ
- Common mistake: Using ใฆใใใพใ instead of ใฆใใใพใ when describing the current state (not the past action)
- ใจใใใใชใใใฆใใใพใ โ (the watch has been fixed โ current state)
- ใจใใใใชใใใฆใใใพใ โ (wrong โ this would mean "I'll fix the watch in advance")
7. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 5 โ Preparation |
| Section | 6 / 9 |
| Completion | Complete |
| Latest Performance | 88% โ Well done dori! (+20 stars) |