๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ja-learning

Describing preparations done in advance

1. Grammar โ€” ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ‚ใ‚‹ (Resulting State)

This lesson introduces ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ‚ใ‚‹, which is used to describe the resulting state after something has been done on purpose.

Contrast with ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใŠใ

StructureFocusExample
ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใŠใThe action done in advance็งใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(I booked a flight in advance.)
ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ‚ใ‚‹The resulting state that remains้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใŒใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(A flight has been booked.)

Key differences in particle usage

When switching from ใŠใ to ใ‚ใ‚‹, the particle changes:

ใŠใ sentenceใ‚ใ‚‹ sentence
ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ ใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใซ ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆใŠใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒ ใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใซ ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ใฒใ“ใ†ใใฎใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ใฒใ“ใ†ใใฎใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใŒใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

The object marker ใ‚’ โ†’ ใŒ when using ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹.


2. Key Sentences

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ๅพŒใง้ฃฒใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฐดใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚Ato de nomu kara, mizu wo katte okimasu.Because I'll want to drink later, I'll buy some water (in advance).
้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎใ‚ˆใ‚„ใใŒใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Hikooki no yoyaku ga shite arimasu.A flight has been booked.
ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Doa ga akete arimasu.The door is open (because someone opened it on purpose).
ใพใฉใŒ้–‰ใ‚ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Mado ga shimete arimasu.The window is closed (because someone closed it on purpose).
ใจใ‘ใ„ใŒใชใŠใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Tokei ga naoshite arimasu.The watch has been fixed.
ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Pasupooto ga kaban ni irete arimasu.My passport has been put and kept in my bag.
ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Chekkuin wa onrain de shite arimasu.Check-in has been completed online.
ไฝๆ‰€ใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Juusho wa koko ni kaite arimasu.The address has been written here.
ๅ›ฝใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใฒใ“ใ†ใใฎใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฏ่ฒทใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Kuni ni kaeru hikooki no chiketto wa katte arimasu.The plane ticket to go back to my home country has been bought.
ใฏใ„ใ€้›ป่ปŠใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใŠใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚Hai, densha no jikan wo mite okimashita.Yes, I've had a look at the train times in advance.
ๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใซไฝฟใ†ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใŒใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒซใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Nyuukoku ni tsukau apuri ga insutooru shite arimasu.An app I'll use to enter the country has been installed.

3. Listening โ€” Airport Check-in Dialogue

Scene: A ground crew member (ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•) at the check-in desk is showing a boarding pass.

JapaneseEnglish
ใ“ใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฏๅๆ™‚ใซ้–‹ใใพใ™ใ€‚The gate for this flight opens at ten o'clock.
ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฎ็•ชๅทใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚The gate number has been written here.
ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฎ่กŒใๆ–นใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅพŒใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚How to get to the gate has been written here. Please look at it later.
ใ–ใ›ใใฎ็•ชๅทใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚The seat number has been written here.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ„ใฃใฆใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„๏ผThis is an arrival card. Please fill it in before getting off the plane. Have a safe trip!

Vocabulary from the dialogue:

JapaneseReadingEnglish
ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•gurandosutaffuGround crew / Check-in staff
ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆgeetoGate
ๅบงๅธญ๏ผˆใ–ใ›ใ๏ผ‰zasekiSeat
ๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰nyuukoku kaadoArrival card / Landing card
ใ„ใฃใฆใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„itterasshaiHave a safe trip! (said to someone leaving)

4. True / False โ€” Quiz Answers

StatementAnswerReason
ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚The door is open (because someone opened it on purpose).Trueใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ = resulting state from intentional action
Both the address and the phone number of the hotel have been written down.Falseไฝๆ‰€ใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€้›ป่ฉฑ็•ชๅทใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ โ€” Only the address was written; she didn't know the phone number.

5. Cultural Note โ€” ๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ (Arrival Card)

Everyone must submit a ๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ (arrival/landing card) at passport control when arriving in Japan.

  • The card is available in multiple languages, but the kanji on it include:
    • ๅ๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰โ€” name
    • ไฝๆ‰€๏ผˆใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡๏ผ‰โ€” address
    • ๅ›ฝ๏ผˆใใซ๏ผ‰โ€” country
    • ็”Ÿๅนดๆœˆๆ—ฅ๏ผˆใ›ใ„ใญใ‚“ใŒใฃใด๏ผ‰โ€” date of birth
  • When asked to show your card, you can say: ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผ โ€” "It has been filled in!"
  • At some airports you can submit via app: ใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒซใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผ โ€” "It has been installed!"

6. Learning Context

  • Lesson: Describing preparations done in advance
  • Chapter: Chapter 5 โ€” Preparation
  • Key grammar: ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ‚ใ‚‹ (resulting state after intentional action)
  • Particle rule: ใ‚’ changes to ใŒ when switching from ใฆใŠใ to ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹
  • Common mistake: Using ใฆใŠใใพใ™ instead of ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ when describing the current state (not the past action)
    • ใจใ‘ใ„ใŒใชใŠใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ โœ“ (the watch has been fixed โ€” current state)
    • ใจใ‘ใ„ใŒใชใŠใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ โœ— (wrong โ€” this would mean "I'll fix the watch in advance")

7. Progress Tracker

FieldDetail
Current LevelIntermediate B1
Chapter / TopicChapter 5 โ€” Preparation
Section6 / 9
CompletionComplete
Latest Performance88% โ€” Well done dori! (+20 stars)