Describing the current situation
1. Vocabulary List
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ใใใใ / ้ ใใ๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | okureru | To be late; to be delayed |
| ้ใ๏ผใใ๏ผ | aku | To open (intransitive) |
| ้ใพใ๏ผใใพใ๏ผ | shimaru | To close (intransitive) |
| ใคใ | tsuku | (Light/appliance) comes on |
| ๆถใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | kieru | (Light/appliance) goes out |
| ใใใใ | kowareru | To break; to be broken |
| ใชใใ | naosu | To fix; to repair |
| ๅ ฅใ๏ผใฏใใ๏ผ | hairu | To be in (something); to go in |
| ใญใญ | kiro | Kilogram(s) / Kilometre(s) |
| ใฏใใฟ | hasami | Scissors |
| ใใคใ | naifu | Knife |
| ใณใณใใ | konbini | Convenience store |
| ใใใฐ | baggu | Bag |
2. Grammar โ ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ: Describing the current situation
We already know ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ describes the continuation of an action:
- ็งใใกใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใฆใใพใใ(We're studying Japanese.)
But ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ also describes the current situation or a state that was left in a certain way:
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ้ปๆฐใใคใใพใใใ | Denki ga tsukimashita. | The light was turned on. (past action) |
| ้ปๆฐใใคใใฆใใพใใ | Denki ga tsuite imasu. | The light is on. (current state) |
Key pattern โ open / closed / late / broken
| Verb | ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้ใ๏ผใใ๏ผ | ้ใใฆใใพใ | Is open |
| ้ใพใ๏ผใใพใ๏ผ | ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใ | Is closed |
| ใคใ | ใคใใฆใใพใ | (Light) is on |
| ๆถใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | ๆถใใฆใใพใ | (Light) is off |
| ้ ใใ๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | ้ ใใฆใใพใ | Is delayed / running late |
| ใใใใ | ใใใใฆใใพใ | Is broken |
| ๅ ฅใ๏ผใฏใใ๏ผ | ๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใ | Is in (something) |
Negative form
Replace ใใพใ with ใใพใใ:
- ใฒใผใใฏใพใ ้ใใฆใใพใใใ้ปๆฐใใคใใฆใใพใใใ(The gate is not open yet. The lights are not on either.)
- ใใฑใใใซไฝใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใใ(There is nothing in my pocket.)
3. Key Sentences
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ้ป่ปใฏๅๅใใใใพใใ | Densha wa juppun okuremasu. | The train will be 10 minutes late. |
| Busuu Air 16ใณใใฏใใใใใใใพใใ | Busuu Air 16-bin wa sukoshi okuremasu. | Busuu Air flight 16 is a little late. |
| ใใๅคใฎๅๆใงใใใใๅบใฎ้ปๆฐใฏๆถใใฆใใพใใ | Moo yoru no juuji desu kara, mise no denki wa kiete imasu. | Because it's already 10 p.m., the lights in the shop are off. |
| ใใฎในใใใฏใใใใฆใใพใใใชใใใฆใใ ใใใ | Kono sumaho wa kowarete imasu. Naoshite kudasai. | This smartphone is broken. Please fix it. |
| ใพใฉใฏ้ใใฆใใพใใใ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใใ | Mado wa aite imasu ka, shimatte imasu ka. | Is the window open or closed? |
| ใพใฉใฏ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใใ | Mado wa shimatte imasu yo. | The window is closed. |
| ใฒใผใใ้ใใฆใใพใใ่กใใพใใใ๏ผ | Geeto ga aite imasu. Ikimashoo! | The gate is open. Let's go! |
| ใฒใผใใฏใพใ ้ใใฆใใพใใใ้ปๆฐใใคใใฆใใพใใใ | Geeto wa mada aite imasen. Denki mo tsuite imasen. | The gate is not open yet. The lights are not on either. |
| ใฌในใใฉใณใฏ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใใใณใณใใใฏ้ใใฆใใพใใ | Resutoran wa shimatte imasu ga, konbini wa aite imasu. | The restaurant is closed, but the convenience store is open. |
| ใใฎๅบใฏ้ใใฆใใพใใใใๆฐดใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใ | Ano mise wa aite imasu kara, mizu wo katte okimasu. | Because that shop is open, I'll buy some water (in advance). |
| ใใใใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใใ | Iie, haitte imasen. | No, there isn't. |
| ใใฑใใใซไฝใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใใ | Poketto ni nani mo haitte imasen. | There is nothing in my pocket. |
4. True / False โ Quiz Answers
| Dialogue | Statement | Answer | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใพใฉใฏ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใใ | The window is open. | False | ใพใฉใฏ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใ = the window is closed |
| Busuu Air 11ไพฟใฏ้ ใใฆใใพใใใใใใใ้ ใใฆใใพใใใใ | Busuu Air flight 11 is delayed. | False | ใใใใ้ ใใฆใใพใใ = not delayed |
5. Cultural Note โ Airport Security (ๆ่ท็ฉๆคๆป)
Before boarding a plane in Japan, your baggage is screened. Items that are checked:
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ใใฝใณใณ | Computer |
| ใฏใใฟ | Scissors |
| ใใคใ | Knife |
| ๆฐด | Water |
| ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉ | Drinks |
| ใ้ | Money (from pockets) |
| ในใใ | Smartphones (from pockets) |
If the scanner detects something: ใใฐใใซไฝใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใ๏ผ (What's in your bag?)
Useful response: ใใใใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใใ (No, there isn't anything.)
6. Closing Note โ ใกใใฃใจไผใใ
We've practised the ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใ today to describe current situations. We'll develop our understanding of this phrase further as we continue through the B1 course.
ไปๆฅใใใใฐใใพใใใญใใใคใใใใพ๏ผ
7. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 5 โ Preparation |
| Section | 7 / 9 |
| Completion | Complete |
| Latest Performance | 82% โ Well done dori! (+20 stars, +1 vocabulary: ใใใใ / ้ ใใ) |