๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ja-learning

Describing the current situation

1. Vocabulary List

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹ / ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผˆใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผ‰okureruTo be late; to be delayed
้–‹ใ๏ผˆใ‚ใ๏ผ‰akuTo open (intransitive)
้–‰ใพใ‚‹๏ผˆใ—ใพใ‚‹๏ผ‰shimaruTo close (intransitive)
ใคใtsuku(Light/appliance) comes on
ๆถˆใˆใ‚‹๏ผˆใใˆใ‚‹๏ผ‰kieru(Light/appliance) goes out
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹kowareruTo break; to be broken
ใชใŠใ™naosuTo fix; to repair
ๅ…ฅใ‚‹๏ผˆใฏใ„ใ‚‹๏ผ‰hairuTo be in (something); to go in
ใ‚ญใƒญkiroKilogram(s) / Kilometre(s)
ใฏใ•ใฟhasamiScissors
ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•naifuKnife
ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใƒ‹konbiniConvenience store
ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐbagguBag

2. Grammar โ€” ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ„ใ‚‹: Describing the current situation

We already know ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ„ใ‚‹ describes the continuation of an action:

  • ็งใŸใกใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚(We're studying Japanese.)

But ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ„ใ‚‹ also describes the current situation or a state that was left in a certain way:

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
้›ปๆฐ—ใŒใคใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚Denki ga tsukimashita.The light was turned on. (past action)
้›ปๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Denki ga tsuite imasu.The light is on. (current state)

Key pattern โ€” open / closed / late / broken

Verbใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ„ใ‚‹Meaning
้–‹ใ๏ผˆใ‚ใ๏ผ‰้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™Is open
้–‰ใพใ‚‹๏ผˆใ—ใพใ‚‹๏ผ‰้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™Is closed
ใคใใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™(Light) is on
ๆถˆใˆใ‚‹๏ผˆใใˆใ‚‹๏ผ‰ๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™(Light) is off
้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผˆใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผ‰้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™Is delayed / running late
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™Is broken
ๅ…ฅใ‚‹๏ผˆใฏใ„ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™Is in (something)

Negative form

Replace ใ„ใพใ™ with ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“:

  • ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฏใพใ ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚‚ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚(The gate is not open yet. The lights are not on either.)
  • ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚(There is nothing in my pocket.)

3. Key Sentences

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
้›ป่ปŠใฏๅๅˆ†ใŠใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚Densha wa juppun okuremasu.The train will be 10 minutes late.
Busuu Air 16ใณใ‚“ใฏใ™ใ“ใ—ใŠใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚Busuu Air 16-bin wa sukoshi okuremasu.Busuu Air flight 16 is a little late.
ใ‚‚ใ†ๅคœใฎๅๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅบ—ใฎ้›ปๆฐ—ใฏๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Moo yoru no juuji desu kara, mise no denki wa kiete imasu.Because it's already 10 p.m., the lights in the shop are off.
ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒžใƒ›ใฏใ“ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใŠใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚Kono sumaho wa kowarete imasu. Naoshite kudasai.This smartphone is broken. Please fix it.
ใพใฉใฏ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚Mado wa aite imasu ka, shimatte imasu ka.Is the window open or closed?
ใพใฉใฏ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚Mado wa shimatte imasu yo.The window is closed.
ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผGeeto ga aite imasu. Ikimashoo!The gate is open. Let's go!
ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฏใพใ ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚‚ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚Geeto wa mada aite imasen. Denki mo tsuite imasen.The gate is not open yet. The lights are not on either.
ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใƒ‹ใฏ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Resutoran wa shimatte imasu ga, konbini wa aite imasu.The restaurant is closed, but the convenience store is open.
ใ‚ใฎๅบ—ใฏ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฐดใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚Ano mise wa aite imasu kara, mizu wo katte okimasu.Because that shop is open, I'll buy some water (in advance).
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚Iie, haitte imasen.No, there isn't.
ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚Poketto ni nani mo haitte imasen.There is nothing in my pocket.

4. True / False โ€” Quiz Answers

DialogueStatementAnswerReason
ใพใฉใฏ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚The window is open.Falseใพใฉใฏ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ = the window is closed
Busuu Air 11ไพฟใฏ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚Busuu Air flight 11 is delayed.Falseใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ = not delayed

5. Cultural Note โ€” Airport Security (ๆ‰‹่ท็‰ฉๆคœๆŸป)

Before boarding a plane in Japan, your baggage is screened. Items that are checked:

JapaneseEnglish
ใƒ‘ใ‚ฝใ‚ณใƒณComputer
ใฏใ•ใฟScissors
ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•Knife
ๆฐดWater
้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉDrinks
ใŠ้‡‘Money (from pockets)
ใ‚นใƒžใƒ›Smartphones (from pockets)

If the scanner detects something: ใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใซไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ (What's in your bag?)

Useful response: ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ (No, there isn't anything.)


6. Closing Note โ€” ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไผ‘ใ‚‚ใ†

We've practised the ใฆ form ๏ผ‹ ใ„ใ‚‹ today to describe current situations. We'll develop our understanding of this phrase further as we continue through the B1 course.

ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใŠใคใ‹ใ‚Œใ•ใพ๏ผ


7. Progress Tracker

FieldDetail
Current LevelIntermediate B1
Chapter / TopicChapter 5 โ€” Preparation
Section7 / 9
CompletionComplete
Latest Performance82% โ€” Well done dori! (+20 stars, +1 vocabulary: ใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹ / ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹)