๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ja-learning

Checkpoint

1. Vocabulary List

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ๆฐ—ๆŒใก๏ผˆใใ‚‚ใก๏ผ‰kimochiFeeling / Emotion
ๅนธใ›๏ผˆใ—ใ‚ใ‚ใ›๏ผ‰shiawaseHappiness / Happy
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„๏ผˆใ‹ใชใ—ใ„๏ผ‰kanashiiSad
ๆ€’ใ‚‹๏ผˆใŠใ“ใ‚‹๏ผ‰okoruTo get angry
ๆณฃใ๏ผˆใชใ๏ผ‰nakuTo cry
ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„๏ผˆใฏใšใ‹ใ—ใ„๏ผ‰hazukashiiEmbarrassed
ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰furasshu kaadoFlashcard
ใพใ‚“ใŒmangaManga / Comic

2. Grammar & Sentences

Onomatopoeia + ใ™ใ‚‹ โ€” Turning Feelings into Verbs

ใ„ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‰ and other onomatopoeia are nouns โ€” add ใ™ใ‚‹ to make them verbs.

  • ้›ป่ปŠใŒๆฅใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚(Densha ga konai kara, iraira shimasu.) โ€” Because the train isn't coming, I am irritated.
  • ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ๆผขๅญ—ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚(Furasshukฤdo wo tsukuttara, dondon kanji ga wakarimasu yo.) โ€” If you make flashcards, you will understand more and more kanji.

ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ + ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ + ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ โ€” Conditional Possibility

Pattern: [condition]ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“

  • ๅฅฝใใชใพใ‚“ใŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒ่ชญใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚(Suki na manga wo mitsuketa ra, dondon nihongo ga yomeru kamoshiremasen.) โ€” If you find a manga you like, you might be able to read more and more Japanese.
  • ใใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใบใ‚‰ใบใ‚‰่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚(Kinchou shinakattara, nihongo ga perapera hanaseru kamoshiremasen.) โ€” If you don't get nervous, you might be able to speak Japanese fluently.

Note: ่ชญใ‚ใ‚‹ is the potential form of ่ชญใ‚€. ใ—ใชใ„ is the negative form of ใ™ใ‚‹.

ใ€œใใ†ใงใ™ โ€” Expressing Impressions (i-adjectives)

Rule: Drop ใ„ from the i-adjective, then add ใใ†ใงใ™.

i-adjectiveใใ†ใงใ™ formMeaning
ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆฅฝใ—ใใ†ใงใ™Looks fun / happy
ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ๅฌ‰ใ—ใใ†ใงใ™Looks glad
ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใใ†ใงใ™Looks embarrassed
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆ‚ฒใ—ใใ†ใงใ™Looks sad
  • ใ‹ใ™ใฟใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚(Kasumi-san wa tanoshisou desu.) โ€” Kasumi looks like she is having fun.
  • ใ‚ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๅฌ‰ใ—ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚(Mei-san, ureshisou desu ne. Nani ga arimashita ka.) โ€” Mei, you look glad. What happened?
  • ใชใฟใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚(Nami-san wa hazukashisou desu. Amari hanashimasen.) โ€” Nami looks embarrassed. She does not talk a lot.
  • ใฏใ‚‹ใจใ•ใ‚“ใฏใใฎใ†ๅนธใ›ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‹ใชใ—ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚(Haruto-san wa kinou shiawasesou deshita. Demo kyou wa kanashisou desu.) โ€” Haruto looked happy yesterday. But he looks sad today.

ใฏ for Comparison / Contrast

When comparing two things, use ใฏ for both subjects.

  • ใ™ใ—ใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใซใใฏๅฅฝใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚(Sushi wa suki desu. Niku wa suki janai desu.) โ€” I like sushi. I don't like meat.
  • ่ตฐใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆณณใใฎใฏไธ‹ๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚(Hashiru no wa suki desu. Demo, oyogu no wa heta desu.) โ€” I like running. But I am bad at swimming.
  • ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ๆผขๅญ—ใฏๆ›ธใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚(Nihongo wa hanasemasu. Demo kanji wa kakemasen.) โ€” I can speak Japanese. But I can't write kanji.

ใŒ with Preferences, Skills & Abilities

  • ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚(Sakkaa ga jouzu desu.) โ€” I am good at football.
  • ๅ†™็œŸใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚(Shashin ga suki desu.) โ€” I like photography.
  • ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚(Tenisu ga dekimasu.) โ€” I can play tennis.
  • ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚โ€” ้ ญใŒใ„ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚(Doushitan desu ka. โ€” Atama ga itain desu.) โ€” What's wrong? โ€” I have a headache.
  • ๆœฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(Hon ga arimasu.) โ€” There is a book.

Emotion Kanji

KanjiReadingMeaning
ๆ€’ใŠใ“ใ‚‹ (okoru)Angry
ๆ‚ฒใ‹ใชใ—ใ„ (kanashii)Sad
ๆณฃใชใ (naku)Cry
ๆฅใฏใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ (hazukashii)Embarrassed
ๅนธใ—ใ‚ใ‚ใ› (shiawase)Happy

3. Learning Context

  • Checkpoint scope: Reviews all of Chapter 2 โ€” onomatopoeia, ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ conditionals, ใ€œใใ†ใงใ™ impressions, ใฏ vs ใŒ, and emotion kanji.
  • Key distinction for ใ€œใใ†ใงใ™: Only for i-adjectives โ€” drop the final ใ„, then add ใใ†ใงใ™. Do not confuse with the hearsay ใใ†ใงใ™ (used with plain form).
  • Particle summary: ใŒ locks to ๅฅฝใ / ไธŠๆ‰‹ / ใงใใพใ™ / ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ / pain expressions. ใฏ signals topic or contrast.

4. Progress Tracker

FieldDetail
Current LevelIntermediate B1
Chapter / TopicChapter 2: Impressions โ€” Checkpoint
Completion100% โ€” Chapter 2 complete
Latest Performance95% score (+10 Stars)