Using the ใฆ Form ๏ผ ใใใ
1. Vocabulary List
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ใใใ | kureru | to give (someone gives to the speaker) |
| ่ฒธใ๏ผใใ๏ผ | kasu | to lend |
| ๅใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | kariru | to borrow |
| ๆผใ๏ผใใ๏ผ | osu | to press |
| ้ใใ๏ผใใคใใ๏ผ | atsumeru | to collect |
| ใใใ | sagasu | to look for / search |
| ๆธใ๏ผใใ๏ผ | kaku | to write |
| ไฝใ๏ผใคใใ๏ผ | tsukuru | to make |
| ๅ็ป๏ผใฉใใ๏ผ | douga | video |
| ๆ ่ก๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | ryokou | trip / travel |
| ใใ ใใณ | junbi | preparation |
| ๆใใฏใ๏ผใใใใฏใ๏ผ | asagohan | breakfast |
| ๆฏๆฅ๏ผใพใใซใก๏ผ | mainichi | every day |
| ๅ ๏ผใใซ๏ผ | ani | (my) older brother |
| ๅง๏ผใใญ๏ผ | ane | (my) older sister |
| ็ฅๆฏ๏ผใใผ๏ผ | sobo | (my) grandmother |
| ็ถใจๆฏ๏ผใกใกใจใฏใฏ๏ผ | chichi to haha | (my) mum and dad |
| ่ฆช๏ผใใ๏ผ | oya | parents |
| ๆฐใใ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผ | atarashii | new |
| ในใใ | sumaho | smartphone |
| ใคใณใฟใผใใใ | intaanetto | internet |
| ใใใซ | hoteru | hotel |
| ใใขใ | piano | piano |
| ใใใ | sukoshi | a little / a bit |
| ใ้๏ผใใใญ๏ผ | okane | money |
| ใฒใใใช | hiragana | hiragana |
| ๆผขๅญ๏ผใใใ๏ผ | kanji | kanji |
| ใณใกใณใ | komento | comment |
| ใใใญ | ii ne | "like" (social media) |
| ใใฟใณ | botan | button |
| ๅ็๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | shashin | photo |
| ็ฅใใชใ๏ผใใใชใ๏ผ | shiranai | don't know / stranger |
| ไบบใใก๏ผใฒใจใใก๏ผ | hitotachi | people (plural) |
2. Grammar & Sentences
ใฆ Form ๏ผ ใใใ โ Receiving a Favour
When someone does an action for the speaker, attach ใใใ after the ใฆ form.
Structure: verb ใฆ form + ใใใพใ / ใใใพใใ
Meaning: "[Someone] does [action] for me."
Key contrast:
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ็งใฏๆฏใๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใ | I'll help my mother. (speaker does favour for someone else) |
| ๆฏใฏ็งใๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใ | My mother will help me. (someone does favour for speaker) |
Rule: (็งใฏ)(ไบบ)ใซ๏ผใฆใใใ โ I give a favour to someone.
Rule: (ไบบ)ใฏ(็ง)ใซ๏ผใฆใใใ โ Someone gives a favour to me.
ใฆใใใ โ Example Sentences
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ๅ ็ใฏใใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใพใใ | Sensei wa yukkuri hanashite kuremasu. | The teacher speaks slowly (for me). |
| ๅ ็ใฏ๏ผ็งใซ๏ผใใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใพใใ | Sensei wa (watashi ni) yukkuri hanashite kuremasu. | The teacher speaks slowly for me. (็งใซ can be omitted) |
| ๅ ใฏ็งใซใใขใใๆใใฆใใใพใใใ | Ani wa watashi ni piano wo oshiete kuremashita. | My older brother taught me the piano. |
| ๅงใฏใคใณใฟใผใใใใงใใใซใใใใใฆใใใพใใใ | Ane wa intaanetto de hoteru wo sagashite kuremashita. | My older sister looked for a hotel on the internet (for me). |
| ใๆฏใฏๆฏๆฅใๆใใฏใใไฝใฃใฆใใใพใใ | Sobo wa mainichi, asagohan wo tsukutte kuremasu. | My grandma cooks me breakfast every day. |
| ่ฆชใ็งใซๆฐใใในใใใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใใ | Oya ga watashi ni atarashii sumaho wo katte kuremashita. | My parents bought me a new smartphone. |
| ็ถใจๆฏใฏใใใใ้ใ่ฒธใใฆใใใพใใใ | Chichi to haha wa sukoshi okane wo kashite kuremashita. | My mum and dad lent me a little bit of money. |
| ๅใ ใกใฏใใฎๆผขๅญใใฒใใใชใงๆธใใฆใใใพใใใ | Tomodachi wa sono kanji wo hiragana de kaite kuremashita. | My friend wrote that kanji in hiragana (for me). |
| ๅฎถๆใฏๆฅๆฌใธ่กใใใ ใใณใๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใใ | Kazoku wa Nihon e iku junbi wo tetsudatte kuremashita. | My family helped me prepare to go to Japan. |
| ๅญใฉใใฎๆใ็ถใฏ๏ผ็งใ๏ผๆตทใซใคใใฆใใฃใฆใใใพใใใ | Kodomo no toki, chichi wa (watashi wo) umi ni tsurete itte kuremashita. | When I was a child, my dad took me to the sea. |
| ๅฎถๆใฏ็งใฎๅ็ปใ่ฆใฆใใใพใใ | Kazoku wa watashi no douga wo mite kuremasu. | My family will have a look at my videos (for me). |
| ใใใใใฎๅใ ใกใฏใใใใญ๏ผใใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใใพใใ | Takusan no tomodachi wa "ii ne!" botan wo oshite kuremasu. | A lot of my friends press the "like" button (as a favour). |
| ๅใใกใฏ็งใฎๅ็ใซใณใกใณใใๆธใใฆใใใพใใ | Tomotachi wa watashi no shashin ni komento wo kaite kuremasu. | My friends write comments on my photos. |
| ๆ ่กใฎๅ็ปใไฝใฃใฆใๅฎถๆใซ่ฆใใฆใใใพใใ | Ryokou no douga wo tsukutte, kazoku ni misete agemasu. | I'll make a video of the trip and show it to my family. |
ใฆใใใ Tip โ Omitting the Receiver
In a ใใใ sentence, the receiver of the favour is almost always the speaker, so ็งใซ can be omitted.
- ๅ ็ใฏ**(็งใซ)**ใใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใพใใโ ๅ ็ใฏใใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใพใใ
- ็ถใฏ**(็งใ)**ๆตทใซใคใใฆใใฃใฆใใใพใใใโ ็ถใฏๆตทใซใคใใฆใใฃใฆใใใพใใใ
่ฒธใ vs ๅใใ
| Verb | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ฒธใ | ใใ | to lend (speaker gives to someone) |
| ๅใใ | ใใใ | to borrow (speaker takes from someone) |
- ็ถใจๆฏใฏใใใใ้ใ่ฒธใใฆใใใพใใใ(My parents lent me money.) โ They lent โ ใใใ
- ็งใฏใ้ใๅใใพใใใ(I borrowed money.) โ I received โ ใใใ or plain
ใใก โ Making People Nouns Plural
Add ใใก after a noun referring to people to make it plural.
| Singular | Plural | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไบบ๏ผใฒใจ๏ผ | ไบบใใก๏ผใฒใจใใก๏ผ | people |
| ๅใ ใก | ๅใใก / ๅใ ใกใใก | friends |
| ็ฅใใชใไบบ | ็ฅใใชใไบบใใก | strangers |
Example:
็งใฏ็ฅใใชใไบบใใกใฎๅ็ใใจใฃใฆใใใพใใใ(Watashi wa shiranai hitotachi no shashin wo totte agemashita.) โ "I took a photo for strangers."
Social Media Vocabulary
| Japanese | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ใใใญ๏ผ | "Like!" (social media) |
| ใณใกใณใ | comment |
| ๅ็ป๏ผใฉใใ๏ผ | video |
| ่ฆใฆใใใ | to watch / have a look at (for me) |
Your family and friends will see (่ฆใฆใใใ) your posts and keep themselves up to date with your successes!
3. Learning Context
- Grammar Focus: ใฆ form ๏ผ ใใใ โ the "receiving favours" counterpart to ใฆใใใ. The giver is someone else; the receiver is the speaker.
- Key Rule: (็งใฏ)(ไบบ)ใซ๏ผใฆใใใ vs (ไบบ)ใฏ(็ง)ใซ๏ผใฆใใใ โ direction of the favour determines which verb to use.
- Omission: ็งใซ is almost always dropped in ใฆใใใ sentences since it is understood.
- ่ฒธใ vs ๅใใ: Common error point โ ่ฒธใ (to lend, speaker gives) uses ใใใ/ใใใ; ๅใใ (to borrow, speaker takes) uses ใใใ.
- ใใก: Adds plurality to people nouns โ ็ฅใใชใไบบใใก (strangers), ๅใใก (friends).
- Social Media Context: ใใใ is used naturally for social media actions โ friends press ใใใญ๏ผand write ใณใกใณใ for you.
4. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 7 โ Services |
| Completion | Section 2 of 7 |
| Latest Performance | 94% (Score), +15 Stars |