๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ja-learning

Checkpoint

1. Vocabulary List

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ใ—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฒใจ / ็Ÿฅ๏ผˆใ—๏ผ‰ใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบshiranai hitostranger
ใŸใกtachiplural suffix for people nouns
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆkomentocomment
ใฉใ†ใŒ / ๅ‹•็”ป๏ผˆใฉใ†ใŒ๏ผ‰dougavideo
ใŠใ™ / ๆŠผ๏ผˆใŠ๏ผ‰ใ™osuto press; to push
ใ‚ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ / ้›†๏ผˆใ‚ใค๏ผ‰ใ‚ใ‚‹atsumeruto collect
ใซใ‚…ใ†ใ“ใใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ / ๅ…ฅๅ›ฝ๏ผˆใซใ‚…ใ†ใ“ใ๏ผ‰ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰nyuukoku kaadoarrival / immigration card
ใจใชใ‚Štonarinext to; neighboring
ใ–ใ›ใ / ๅบงๅธญ๏ผˆใ–ใ›ใ๏ผ‰zasekiseat
ใ‹ใ™ / ่ฒธ๏ผˆใ‹๏ผ‰ใ™kasuto lend
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š / ๆ–™็†๏ผˆใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š๏ผ‰ryouricooking; food
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ† / ๆด—๏ผˆใ‚ใ‚‰๏ผ‰ใ†arauto wash
ใ•ใ‚‰ / ็šฟ๏ผˆใ•ใ‚‰๏ผ‰saraplate; dish
ใชใŠใ™ / ็›ด๏ผˆใชใŠ๏ผ‰ใ™naosuto fix; to repair
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸ / ๅฃŠ๏ผˆใ“ใ‚๏ผ‰ใ‚ŒใŸkowaretabroken
ใใ ใ‚‚ใฎ / ๆžœ็‰ฉ๏ผˆใใ ใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผ‰kudamonofruit
ใฟใ›ใ‚‹ / ่ฆ‹๏ผˆใฟ๏ผ‰ใ›ใ‚‹miseruto show
ใ„ใใ‹ใŸ / ่กŒใๆ–น๏ผˆใ„ใใ‹ใŸ๏ผ‰ikikatahow to get there; directions

2. Grammar & Sentences

Three-Way Favour System โ€” Summary:

FormWho does the favourDirection
ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹Speaker โ†’ other person"I do for you/them"
ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹Other person โ†’ speaker"They do for me"
ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†Speaker receives from other"I get someone to do" (doer marked by ใซ)

Pattern Rule:

  • (็ง)ใฏ (ไบบ)ใซ + ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ โ€” I do favour for someone
  • (ไบบ)ใฏ (็ง)ใซ + ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ โ€” someone does favour for me

ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ Examples:

  • ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Watashi wa shiranai hitotachi no shashin o totte agemashita.) โ€” "I took a photo for strangers."
  • ็งใฏๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใจใใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใฎๅบงๅธญใฎไบบใซใƒšใƒณใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Watashi wa nyuukoku kaado o kaita toki, tonari no zaseki no hito ni pen o kashite agemashita.) โ€” "When I filled in the arrival card, I lent a pen to the person in the seat next to me."
  • ๅฎถๆ—ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚(Kazoku no shashin o misete agemasu.) โ€” "I'll show you a photo of my family."
  • ็งใฏๆฏใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผ๏ผˆใฆใคใ ๏ผ‰ใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Watashi wa haha o tetsudatte agemashita.) โ€” "I helped my mother."

ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ Examples:

  • ๅ…„๏ผˆใ‚ใซ๏ผ‰ใฏ็งใซใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Ani wa watashi ni piano o oshiete kuremashita.) โ€” "My older brother taught me piano."
  • ๅ‹ใ ใกใฏใใฎๆผขๅญ—๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜๏ผ‰ใ‚’ใฒใ‚‰ใŒใชใงๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Tomodachi wa sono kanji o hiragana de kaite kuremashita.) โ€” "My friend wrote that kanji in hiragana (for me)."
  • ๅ‹ใŸใกใฏ็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚(Tomotachi wa watashi no shashin ni komento o kaite kuremasu.) โ€” "My friends write comments on my photos."
  • ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ‹ใ ใกใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผ๏ผˆใŠ๏ผ‰ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚(Takusan no tomodachi wa "iine!" botan o oshite kuremasu.) โ€” "A lot of my friends press the 'like' button (as a favour)."
  • ๅฎถๆ—ใฏ็งใฎๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚(Kazoku wa watashi no douga o mite kuremasu.) โ€” "My family will have a look at my videos (for me)."

ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ† Examples:

  • ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใซ้ง…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใพใงใฎ่กŒใๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Watashi wa shiranai hito ni eki kara hoteru made no ikikata o oshiete moraimashita.) โ€” "I got a stranger to tell me how to go from the station to the hotel."
  • ็งใฏๅบ—๏ผˆใฟใ›๏ผ‰ใฎไบบใซใ“ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒžใƒ›ใ‚’ใชใŠใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Watashi wa mise no hito ni kowareta sumaho o naoshite moraimashita.) โ€” "I got the person in the shop to fix the broken smartphone."
  • Note: The person performing the action is marked by ใซ.

Chained Favour Sentences (ใ€œใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€œใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ):

  • ๅ…„ใฏ็งใซๆ–™็†ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Ani wa watashi ni ryouri shite kuremashita kara, watashi wa sara o aratte agemashita.) โ€” "Because my older brother cooked for me, I washed the dishes."
  • ใ็ˆถใฏ็งใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใใ ็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅฎถๆ—ใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Sofu wa watashi ni takusan kudamono o katte kuremashita kara, watashi wa kazoku ni keeki o tsukutte agemashita.) โ€” "Because my grandpa bought me a lot of fruit, I made a cake for my family."
  • ็งใฏๅ‹ใ ใกใฎๅ‹•็”ปใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅ‹ใ ใกใฏ็งใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚(Watashi wa tomodachi no douga ni komento o kaite agemashita. Tomodachi wa watashi no komento ni "iine!" botan o oshite kuremashita.) โ€” "I wrote a comment on my friend's video. My friend 'liked' my comment."

Grammar Note โ€” ใŸใก: Add ใŸใก after nouns referring to people to make the word plural.

  • ไบบ โ†’ ไบบใŸใกใ€ๅ‹ใ ใก โ†’ ๅ‹ใ ใกใŸใก

3. Learning Context

  • Lesson Type: Chapter 7 Checkpoint
  • Focus: Distinguishing ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ / ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ / ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ† in real-life situations
  • Key Rule: In ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ† sentences, the person who performs the action is followed by ใซ (not ใŒ or ใฏ)
  • Chain Pattern: ใ€œใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€œใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ โ€” used to describe reciprocal favours

4. Progress Tracker

FieldDetail
Current LevelB1 Intermediate
Chapter / TopicChapter 7: Services
CompletionSection 7 of Chapter 7 (Checkpoint)
Latest Performance85% (+10 stars)