日本の家 — Types of Housing in Japan
1. Vocabulary List
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| いっこだて/一戸建て(いっこだて) | ikkodate | detached house |
| マンション | manshon | apartment (multi-storey building) |
| アパート | apāto | apartment (small) |
| 住む(すむ) | sumu | to live / to reside |
| 引っこす(ひっこす) | hikkosu | to move (house) |
| 建てる(たてる) | tateru | to build |
| 庭(にわ) | niwa | garden |
| 庭つき(にわつき) | niwa-tsuki | with a garden |
| 部屋(へや) | heya | room |
| ぼく | boku | I / me (male speaker) |
| 古い(ふるい) | furui | old |
| 駅(えき) | eki | station |
| 近い(ちかい) | chikai | near / close |
| いつか | itsuka | some day |
| 先月(せんげつ) | sengetsu | last month |
| 猫(ねこ) | neko | cat |
2. Housing Type Comparison
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| いっこだて/一戸建て | ikkodate | detached house (standalone building) |
| マンション | manshon | apartment in a multi-storey building |
| アパート | apāto | small apartment (usually 2-storey, wooden structure) |
Note: マンション in Japanese does NOT mean "mansion" — it simply refers to a flat in a large multi-storey concrete building. アパート is smaller and often wooden.
3. Grammar & Sentences
〜に住んでいます — "I am living in…"
- Structure:
[place]+ に + 住んでいます - Note: The correct spelling for "I am living" is 住んでいます (not 住いています).
- Example: 友だちと住んでいます。(Tomodachi to sunde imasu.) — "I am living with a friend."
- Example: 一こ建てに住んでいます。(Ikkodate ni sunde imasu.) — "I am living in a detached house."
- Example: このアパートは古いですが、駅にちかいです。(Kono apāto wa furui desu ga, eki ni chikai desu.) — "This small apartment is old but close to the station."
〜に引っこす — "To move to…"
- Structure:
[place]+ に + 引っこします - Example: マンションに引(ひ)っこします。(Manshon ni hikko shimasu.) — "He will move to a multi-storey apartment."
- Example: 先月、このマンションに引っこしました。(Sengetsu, kono manshon ni hikkoshimashita.) — "She moved into this multi-storey apartment last month."
〜が建てられました — Passive: "was built"
- Structure:
[subject]+ が + 建てられました - Example: あそこに新しいマンションが建てられました。(Asoko ni atarashii manshon ga tateraremashita.) — "A new multi-storey apartment was built over there."
(noun)つきの — "A … with …"
Used to describe a property that includes a specific feature.
- Structure:
[feature noun]+ つきの +[main noun] - Example: これは庭つきの一こ建てです。(Kore wa niwa-tsuki no ikkodate desu.) — "This is a detached house with a garden."
- Note: To add more details, use the structure (noun)つきの(house) to say "a house with…".
〜てはいけません — "You may not / must not"
Used to express prohibition.
- Structure: Verb て form +
はいけません - Example: アパートで猫といっしょに住んではいけません。(Apāto de neko to issho ni sunde wa ikemasen.) — "You may not live in the small apartment if you have cats."
ぼく — Male first-person pronoun
- ぼく is used by male speakers as a casual way to say "I".
- Example: ここはぼくの部屋です。(Koko wa boku no heya desu.) — "This is my room."
4. Sentence Drill
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| 友だちと住んでいます。 | Tomodachi to sunde imasu. | I am living with a friend. |
| 一こ建てに住んでいます。 | Ikkodate ni sunde imasu. | I am living in a detached house. |
| ゆうまさんはきょ年いっこだてを買いました。 | Yūma-san wa kyonen ikkodate wo kaimashita. | Yuuma bought a detached house last year. |
| マンションに引っこします。 | Manshon ni hikko shimasu. | He will move to a multi-storey apartment. |
| 先月、このマンションに引っこしました。 | Sengetsu, kono manshon ni hikkoshimashita. | She moved into this multi-storey apartment last month. |
| あそこに新しいマンションが建てられました。 | Asoko ni atarashii manshon ga tateraremashita. | A new multi-storey apartment was built over there. |
| ゆかりさんのアパートはどこですか。 | Yukari-san no apāto wa doko desu ka. | Where is Yukari's (small) apartment, please? |
| アパートは本屋のとなりです。 | Apāto wa hon'ya no tonari desu. | My (small) apartment is next to a book shop. |
| このアパートは古いですが、駅にちかいです。 | Kono apāto wa furui desu ga, eki ni chikai desu. | This small apartment is old but close to the station. |
| 駅からマンションまで、10分で歩けます。 | Eki kara manshon made, juppun de arukemasu. | She can walk from the station to the multi-storey apartment in 10 minutes. |
| ここはぼくの部屋です。 | Koko wa boku no heya desu. | This is my room. |
| これは庭つきの一こ建てです。 | Kore wa niwa-tsuki no ikkodate desu. | This is a detached house with a garden. |
| アパートで猫といっしょに住んではいけません。 | Apāto de neko to issho ni sunde wa ikemasen. | You may not live in the small apartment if you have cats. |
| いつか一こ建てに住みたいです。 | Itsuka ikkodate ni sumitai desu. | I want to live in a detached house some day. |
5. Learning Context
- Topic: Japanese housing vocabulary — three types of homes and describing where you live
- Culture Note: In Japan, マンション does NOT mean "mansion" — it means a flat in a large reinforced concrete building. アパート is typically smaller, often 2-storey and wooden. いっこだて is a standalone detached house.
- Grammar Focus: 〜に住んでいます (living in); 〜に引っこす (to move to); 〜が建てられました (passive: was built); (noun)つきの (with a feature); 〜てはいけません (prohibition)
6. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 8: At Work |
| Completion | Section 8 |
| Latest Performance | In progress |
| Key Vocab Learned | いっこだて/一戸建て, マンション, アパート, 庭つき, 引っこす |