๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ja-learning

Talking About Cost and Time

1. Vocabulary List

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹kakaruto take (time) / to cost (money)
ๆ™‚้–“๏ผˆใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“๏ผ‰jikantime
ใŠ้‡‘๏ผˆใŠใ‹ใญ๏ผ‰okanemoney
ๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐๆ–™๏ผˆใฆใ™ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ‰tesลซryลcommission / fee
ๆฏŽๆœˆ๏ผˆใพใ„ใคใ๏ผ‰maitsukievery month
ๆ–ฐใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“๏ผˆใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“๏ผ‰shinkansenbullet train
ใตใ˜ๅฑฑ๏ผˆใตใ˜ใ•ใ‚“๏ผ‰FujisanMt Fuji
ใ‚Šใ‚Œใๆ›ธ๏ผˆใ‚Šใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡๏ผ‰rirekishoCV
ๆ›ธใ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ‹ใใŠใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰kakiowaruto finish writing
ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใˆnihon no eJapanese drawings
้›†ใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ‚ใคใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰atsumeruto collect

2. Grammar & Sentences

ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ โ€” "To take (time)" and "To cost (money)"

ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ is a single verb used for both time and cost. Context (and particle choice) tells you which meaning applies.

MeaningExampleTranslation
to take (time)ไบŒๅๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚It takes 20 minutes.
to cost (money)ๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚It costs 1,000 yen.

Spelling note: The correct spelling is ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ โ€” not ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ or ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹.


Particle Rule: ใŒ vs no particle with ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹

The key distinction: use ใŒ when the noun is unspecified / general. Use no particle when a specific number is given.

SituationStructureExampleTranslation
General / unspecified[Noun] ใŒ + ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚It takes time.
General / unspecified[Noun] ใŒ + ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚It costs money.
Specific number (time)[Number] + ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚It takes an hour.
Specific number (money)[Number] + ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚It costs 1,000 yen.

Rule summary:

  • General noun (ๆ™‚้–“, ใŠ้‡‘, ๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐๆ–™) โ†’ needs ใŒ
  • Specific number (ไบŒๅๅˆ†, ๅƒๅ††, ไธ€ไธ‡ไบ”ๅƒๅ††) โ†’ no particle needed

Examples โ€” Time

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ไบŒๅๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Nijuppun kakarimasu.It takes 20 minutes.
ไธ‰ๅๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Sanjuppun kakarimasu.It takes 30 minutes.
้ง…ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎถใพใงๅไบ”ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Eki kara ie made jลซgofun kakarimasu.It takes 15 minutes from the station to my house.
ๆฑไบฌใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒชใพใง้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใงไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚Tลkyล kara Pari made hikลki de nanjikan kakarimasu ka.How many hours does it take from Tokyo to Paris by plane?
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใตใ˜ๅฑฑใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ไบŒๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Ashita Fujisan ni ikimasu. Koko kara nijikan kakarimasu.I will go to Mt Fuji tomorrow. It takes 2 hours from here.
ๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใงๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Gakkล ni iku made jikan ga kakarimasu.It takes time to go to school.
ไปŠใ‚Šใ‚Œใๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŠใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚Ima rirekisho wo kakiowari mashita ga, jikan ga kakarimashita.I've finished writing my CV now, but it took time.

Examples โ€” Cost

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Sen en kakarimasu.It costs 1,000 yen.
็™พไธƒๅๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Hyakunanajลซ en kakarimasu.It costs 170 yen.
ไธƒๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Nanasen en kakarimasu.It costs 7,000 yen.
ๆฑไบฌใ‹ใ‚‰ไบฌใจใพใงๆ–ฐใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“ใงไธ€ไธ‡ไบ”ๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Tลkyล kara Kyลto made shinkansen de ichiman gosen en kakarimasu.It costs 15,000 yen to go from Tokyo to Kyoto by shinkansen.
ใ“ใฎใƒžใƒณใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€ๆฏŽๆœˆๅ…ญไธ‡ๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Kono manshon wa, maitsuki rokuman en kakarimasu.This apartment costs 60,000 yen per month.
ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐๆ–™ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚Okane wo okuru toki, tesลซryล ga kakarimasu.When you send money, commission will be charged.
ใ“ใฎ้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚Kono densha ni noritai desu. Ikura okane ga kakarimasu ka.I would like to take this train. How much money does it cost?

Examples โ€” Time and Money Together

ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ can combine both uses in a single sentence using ใจ:

  • ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใˆใ‚’้›†ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠ้‡‘ใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(Nihon no e wo atsumete imasu. Okane to jikan ga kakarimasu.) โ€” "I collect Japanese drawings. It costs money and takes time."

Note: We can use ใŠ้‡‘ and ๆ™‚้–“ in the same sentence with ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹, joined by ใจ.


ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€œใพใง โ€” "Fromโ€ฆ toโ€ฆ"

Used with ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ to express travel time or cost between two points.

  • Structure: [start] ใ‹ใ‚‰ [end] ใพใง [transport] ใง [time/cost] ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
  • Example: ้ง…ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎถใพใงๅไบ”ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(Eki kara ie made jลซgofun kakarimasu.) โ€” "It takes 15 minutes from the station to my house."
  • Example: ๆฑไบฌใ‹ใ‚‰ไบฌใจใพใงๆ–ฐใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“ใงไธ€ไธ‡ไบ”ๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚(Tลkyล kara Kyลto made shinkansen de ichiman gosen en kakarimasu.) โ€” "It costs 15,000 yen from Tokyo to Kyoto by shinkansen."

3. Particle Usage โ€” Summary Table

JapaneseParticleReason
ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒๆ™‚้–“ is a general noun (unspecified amount)
ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใŠ้‡‘ is a general noun (unspecified amount)
ๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐๆ–™ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐๆ–™ is a general noun (not a specific figure)
ไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™noneไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ is a specific number
ๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™noneๅƒๅ†† is a specific number
ไธƒๅƒๅ††ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™noneไธƒๅƒๅ†† is a specific number

4. Learning Context

  • Topic: Using ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ to express both time and cost in Japanese
  • Key insight: ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ is a dual-use verb โ€” it covers both "to take (time)" and "to cost (money)". Use ใŒ with general nouns (ๆ™‚้–“, ใŠ้‡‘, ๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐๆ–™); use no particle with specific numbers (ไบŒๅๅˆ†, ๅƒๅ††).
  • Grammar Focus: ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹; particle ใŒ with general nouns; no particle after specific numbers; ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ฝžใพใง๏ฝžใงใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ for travel duration/cost

5. Progress Tracker

FieldDetail
Current LevelIntermediate B1
Chapter / TopicChapter 9: Properties
CompletionSection 4
Latest Performance100% โ€” โ˜… +15 stars, +2 vocabulary words
Key Vocab Learnedใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ (to take time), ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ (to cost)