Talking About Cost and Time
1. Vocabulary List
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ใใใ | kakaru | to take (time) / to cost (money) |
| ๆ้๏ผใใใ๏ผ | jikan | time |
| ใ้๏ผใใใญ๏ผ | okane | money |
| ๆๆฐๆ๏ผใฆใใใใใ๏ผ | tesลซryล | commission / fee |
| ๆฏๆ๏ผใพใใคใ๏ผ | maitsuki | every month |
| ๆฐใใใใ๏ผใใใใใใ๏ผ | shinkansen | bullet train |
| ใตใๅฑฑ๏ผใตใใใ๏ผ | Fujisan | Mt Fuji |
| ใใใๆธ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผ | rirekisho | CV |
| ๆธใ็ตใใ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผ | kakiowaru | to finish writing |
| ๆฅๆฌใฎใ | nihon no e | Japanese drawings |
| ้ใใ๏ผใใคใใ๏ผ | atsumeru | to collect |
2. Grammar & Sentences
ใใใ โ "To take (time)" and "To cost (money)"
ใใใ is a single verb used for both time and cost. Context (and particle choice) tells you which meaning applies.
| Meaning | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| to take (time) | ไบๅๅใใใใพใใ | It takes 20 minutes. |
| to cost (money) | ๅๅใใใใพใใ | It costs 1,000 yen. |
Spelling note: The correct spelling is ใใใ โ not ใใใ or ใใใใ.
Particle Rule: ใ vs no particle with ใใใ
The key distinction: use ใ when the noun is unspecified / general. Use no particle when a specific number is given.
| Situation | Structure | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| General / unspecified | [Noun] ใ + ใใใใพใ | ๆ้ใใใใใพใใ | It takes time. |
| General / unspecified | [Noun] ใ + ใใใใพใ | ใ้ใใใใใพใใ | It costs money. |
| Specific number (time) | [Number] + ใใใใพใ | ไธๆ้ใใใใพใใ | It takes an hour. |
| Specific number (money) | [Number] + ใใใใพใ | ๅๅใใใใพใใ | It costs 1,000 yen. |
Rule summary:
- General noun (ๆ้, ใ้, ๆๆฐๆ) โ needs ใ
- Specific number (ไบๅๅ, ๅๅ, ไธไธไบๅๅ) โ no particle needed
Examples โ Time
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ไบๅๅใใใใพใใ | Nijuppun kakarimasu. | It takes 20 minutes. |
| ไธๅๅใใใใพใใ | Sanjuppun kakarimasu. | It takes 30 minutes. |
| ้ง ใใๅฎถใพใงๅไบๅใใใใพใใ | Eki kara ie made jลซgofun kakarimasu. | It takes 15 minutes from the station to my house. |
| ๆฑไบฌใใใใชใพใง้ฃ่กๆฉใงไฝๆ้ใใใใพใใใ | Tลkyล kara Pari made hikลki de nanjikan kakarimasu ka. | How many hours does it take from Tokyo to Paris by plane? |
| ๆๆฅใตใๅฑฑใซ่กใใพใใใใใใไบๆ้ใใใใพใใ | Ashita Fujisan ni ikimasu. Koko kara nijikan kakarimasu. | I will go to Mt Fuji tomorrow. It takes 2 hours from here. |
| ๅญฆๆ กใซ่กใใพใงๆ้ใใใใใพใใ | Gakkล ni iku made jikan ga kakarimasu. | It takes time to go to school. |
| ไปใใใๆธใๆธใใใใใพใใใใๆ้ใใใใใพใใใ | Ima rirekisho wo kakiowari mashita ga, jikan ga kakarimashita. | I've finished writing my CV now, but it took time. |
Examples โ Cost
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ๅๅใใใใพใใ | Sen en kakarimasu. | It costs 1,000 yen. |
| ็พไธๅๅใใใใพใใ | Hyakunanajลซ en kakarimasu. | It costs 170 yen. |
| ไธๅๅใใใใพใใ | Nanasen en kakarimasu. | It costs 7,000 yen. |
| ๆฑไบฌใใไบฌใจใพใงๆฐใใใใใงไธไธไบๅๅใใใใพใใ | Tลkyล kara Kyลto made shinkansen de ichiman gosen en kakarimasu. | It costs 15,000 yen to go from Tokyo to Kyoto by shinkansen. |
| ใใฎใใณใทใงใณใฏใๆฏๆๅ ญไธๅใใใใพใใ | Kono manshon wa, maitsuki rokuman en kakarimasu. | This apartment costs 60,000 yen per month. |
| ใ้ใ้ใใจใใๆๆฐๆใใใใใพใใ | Okane wo okuru toki, tesลซryล ga kakarimasu. | When you send money, commission will be charged. |
| ใใฎ้ป่ปใซไนใใใใงใใใใใใ้ใใใใใพใใใ | Kono densha ni noritai desu. Ikura okane ga kakarimasu ka. | I would like to take this train. How much money does it cost? |
Examples โ Time and Money Together
ใใใ can combine both uses in a single sentence using ใจ:
- ๆฅๆฌใฎใใ้ใใฆใใพใใใ้ใจๆ้ใใใใใพใใ(Nihon no e wo atsumete imasu. Okane to jikan ga kakarimasu.) โ "I collect Japanese drawings. It costs money and takes time."
Note: We can use ใ้ and ๆ้ in the same sentence with ใใใ, joined by ใจ.
ใใใใใพใง โ "Fromโฆ toโฆ"
Used with ใใใ to express travel time or cost between two points.
- Structure:
[start]ใใ[end]ใพใง[transport]ใง[time/cost]ใใใใพใ - Example: ้ง ใใๅฎถใพใงๅไบๅใใใใพใใ(Eki kara ie made jลซgofun kakarimasu.) โ "It takes 15 minutes from the station to my house."
- Example: ๆฑไบฌใใไบฌใจใพใงๆฐใใใใใงไธไธไบๅๅใใใใพใใ(Tลkyล kara Kyลto made shinkansen de ichiman gosen en kakarimasu.) โ "It costs 15,000 yen from Tokyo to Kyoto by shinkansen."
3. Particle Usage โ Summary Table
| Japanese | Particle | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| ๆ้ใใใใใพใ | ใ | ๆ้ is a general noun (unspecified amount) |
| ใ้ใใใใใพใ | ใ | ใ้ is a general noun (unspecified amount) |
| ๆๆฐๆใใใใใพใ | ใ | ๆๆฐๆ is a general noun (not a specific figure) |
| ไธๆ้ใใใใพใ | none | ไธๆ้ is a specific number |
| ๅๅใใใใพใ | none | ๅๅ is a specific number |
| ไธๅๅใใใใพใ | none | ไธๅๅ is a specific number |
4. Learning Context
- Topic: Using ใใใ to express both time and cost in Japanese
- Key insight: ใใใ is a dual-use verb โ it covers both "to take (time)" and "to cost (money)". Use ใ with general nouns (ๆ้, ใ้, ๆๆฐๆ); use no particle with specific numbers (ไบๅๅ, ๅๅ).
- Grammar Focus: ใใใ; particle ใ with general nouns; no particle after specific numbers; ใใ๏ฝใพใง๏ฝใงใใใใพใ for travel duration/cost
5. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 9: Properties |
| Completion | Section 4 |
| Latest Performance | 100% โ โ +15 stars, +2 vocabulary words |
| Key Vocab Learned | ใใใ (to take time), ใใใ (to cost) |