Checkpoint
1. Vocabulary Review
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| ใใใใใ / ๆดๆฟฏๆฉ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผ | sentakuki | washing machine |
| ใงใใใฌใณใธ / ้ปๅญใฌใณใธ๏ผใงใใใใใ๏ผ | denshi renji | microwave |
| ใใใใ / ๆ้คๆฉ๏ผใใใใ๏ผ | sลjiki | vacuum cleaner |
| ใใใใใ / ๅท่ตๅบซ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผ | reizลko | fridge |
| ใจใขใณใณ | eakon | air conditioner |
| ใฏใใ | hanko | personal seal |
| ไธๅใใๅฑ๏ผใตใฉใใใใ๏ผ | fudล-san-ya | estate agency |
| ใฏใชใผใใณใฐๅฑ๏ผใฏใชใผใใณใฐใ๏ผ | kurฤซningu-ya | dry cleaner's |
| ๆๆฐๆ๏ผใฆใใใใใ๏ผ | tesลซryล | commission / fee |
| ใใใ ใใใ / ็ธ่ซใใ๏ผใใใ ใใใ๏ผ | sลdan suru | to ask for advice |
| ใใใ ใใซไนใ / ็ธ่ซใซไนใ๏ผใใใ ใใซใฎใ๏ผ | sลdan ni noru | to give advice |
| ใใใฑใใใ / ๅฟ้ ใใ๏ผใใใฑใใใ๏ผ | shinpai suru | to worry |
| ๅ ๆฐใใชใ๏ผใใใใใชใ๏ผ | genki ga nai | to seem down |
| ใฌในไปฃ๏ผใฌในใ ใ๏ผ | gasu-dai | gas bill |
2. Grammar Review
Transitive vs Intransitive verb pairs
| Action | Transitive (ใ) | Intransitive (ใ) |
|---|---|---|
| open | ใพใฉใ้ใใพใ | ใพใฉใ้ใใพใ |
| close | ใใขใ้ใใพใ | ใใขใ้ใพใใพใ |
| turn on | ้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ | ้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ |
| turn off | ้ปๆฐใๆถใใพใ | ้ปๆฐใๆถใใพใ |
Use ใ when a person acts on something. Use ใ when the thing acts by itself.
ใใ + past tense โ "Already"
- ๆดใใๆฉใฏใใ่ฒทใใพใใใๆฐใใใใใๆฉใจ้ปๅญใฌใณใธใใปใใใงใใ
- "We've already bought a washing machine. We want a new vacuum cleaner and a microwave."
ๅฑ๏ผใ๏ผโ Shop / Company suffix
| Service | Shop name |
|---|---|
| ใฏใชใผใใณใฐ | ใฏใชใผใใณใฐๅฑ |
| ไธๅใใ | ไธๅใใๅฑ |
| ใฏใใ | ใฏใใๅฑ |
Noun + ใฎใใจ โ "About [topic]"
- ไปไบใฎใใจใใใใ ใใใพใใโ "I ask for advice about my job."
- ๅ้ใฎใใจใๅฟ้ ใใฆใใใใ ใฃใใใ็ธ่ซใใฆใใ ใใใโ "If you are worrying about your friends, please ask me for advice."
Question word + verb ใ-form + ใใใใงใใ โ "How/What/Where should Iโฆ?"
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ใใคใใใใใใจใใใ ใใซใใใใใใใงใใใ | When I have a question, who should I ask? |
| ใฉใใใฃใฆๆฅๆฌไบบใฎๅใ ใกใไฝใฃใใใใใงใใใ | How do I make Japanese friends? |
| ใใใๆธใฏใฉใใใฃใฆๆธใใใใใใงใใใ | How do I write a CV? |
| ใฌในไปฃใฏใฉใใใฃใฆใฏใใฃใใใใใงใใใ | How do I pay the gas bill? |
Key: Use the ใ-form (past tense form) before ใใใใงใใ. Always use ใฉใใใฃใฆ when asking how to do something.
Checkpoint Sentences
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ใใคใใฃใใใใจใขใณใณใใคใใฆใใ ใใใใพใฉใ้ใใฆใใใใงใใใ | Please turn on the air-conditioner if it is hot. You may also open the window. |
| ใใขใ้ใใใใ้ป่ปใซไนใใพใใ | If the door opens, we'll get on the train. |
| ใใใใใใฎ็ซใฏใใใใๆฉใใใใใงใใ | Souya's cat hates the vacuum cleaner. |
| ๅ ๆฐใใชใใงใใญใใใใฃใใใใใ ใใซไนใใพใใใ | You seem down. I'm here to listen if you'd like to talk. |
| ใใฎไธๅใใๅฑใงใใใใขใใผใใ่ฆใพใใใใ | I saw a nice apartment at that estate agency. |
| ใฒใผใใๅๅๅพใซ้ใพใใพใใๆฅใใงใใ ใใใ | The gate will close in 10 minutes. Please hurry. |
| ใใใใใใ้ใใฆใใ ใใใ | Please close the fridge. |
| ใใณใทใงใณใๅใใใจใใไธๅใใๅฑใซๆๆฐๆใใฏใใใพใใ | When renting an apartment, you pay commission to an estate agency. |
Kanji from this chapter
| Kanji | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆณจๆ | ใกใ ใใ | caution / attention |
| ๆณจๆ | ใกใ ใใใ | order (food/goods) |
| ็ธ่ซ | ใใใ ใ | consultation / advice |
| ๅฟ้ | ใใใฑใ | worry / concern |
3. Learning Context
- Topic: Checkpoint โ reviewing all key vocabulary and grammar from Chapter 10
- Core themes: Electrical appliances; local services; transitive/intransitive verb pairs; ๅฑ suffix; asking for and giving advice using ใใใใงใใ and ใปใใใใ; ใฎใใจ for topics; ใฉใใใฃใฆ for "how"
- Common mistakes to remember:
- ใใขใ้ใพใใพใ โ (intransitive โ gate closes by itself) vs ใใขใ้ใใพใ โ (transitive โ person closes door)
- ใใใ ใใใ (ask for advice) โ ใใใ ใใซไนใ (give advice / listen)
4. Progress Tracker
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Current Level | Intermediate B1 |
| Chapter / Topic | Chapter 10 โ A new life in Japan |
| Completion | Section 11 of 11 โ Checkpoint โ |
| Latest Performance | 85% (๏ผ10 stars) |